Segmenting linestring into points of equal distance

R
sf
geospatial
rspatial
Author

Philippe Massicotte

Published

September 26, 2023

This will be a quick one, but I thought it was worth sharing (at least for future me). I was recently trying to segment a line into points of equal distances. I must say that I spent too much time with the st_segmentize() function. I found that I would simply achieve this using st_line_sample(). Let me show you how.

When your brain is super well synchronized with your camera’s retadator.
Photo by Anthony Cantin on Unsplash

First, I will read a KML file containing the path of the CCGS Amundsen. I will then transform the data into a polar projection.

library(sf)
sf_use_s2(TRUE)

path <- st_read("https://data.amundsen.ulaval.ca/NAV_Amundsen.kml") |>
  st_transform(3413)
#> Reading layer `
#> D:\Remote_data\NAV_Amundsen.kml
#> ' from data source 
#>   `https://data.amundsen.ulaval.ca/NAV_Amundsen.kml' using driver `LIBKML'
#> Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 11 fields
#> Geometry type: LINESTRING
#> Dimension:     XYZ
#> Bounding box:  xmin: 6.59 ymin: -71.20211 xmax: 7.97 ymax: -71.2021
#> z_range:       zmin: 1 zmax: 1
#> Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84

# We can see that the path is a linestring
path
#> Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 11 fields
#> Geometry type: LINESTRING
#> Dimension:     XYZ
#> Bounding box:  xmin: 58000050 ymin: -45986760 xmax: 59090720 ymax: -44576580
#> z_range:       zmin: 1 zmax: 1
#> Projected CRS: WGS 84 / NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic North
#>          Name description timestamp begin  end  altitudeMode tessellate extrude
#> 1 \nge_plot\n        \n\n      <NA>  <NA> <NA> clampToGround          1       0
#>   visibility drawOrder icon                       geometry
#> 1          1        NA <NA> LINESTRING Z (58391203 -454...

st_length(path)
#> 14029682 [m]

Just for fun, let’s visualize it.

path |>
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf()

Now is the fun part I discovered. You can use the density argument of the st_line_sample() function to convert a LINESTRING into points of equal distances, let’s say 50 kilometres. Note that the new geometry is MULTIPOINT.

pts <- st_line_sample(path, density = units::as_units(50, "km"))

pts
#> Geometry set for 1 feature 
#> Geometry type: MULTIPOINT
#> Dimension:     XYZ
#> Bounding box:  xmin: 58006120 ymin: -45978910 xmax: 59090720 ymax: -44576580
#> z_range:       zmin: 1 zmax: 1
#> Projected CRS: WGS 84 / NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic North

pts |>
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf()

We can verify that we have roughly 50 km between each point.

pts |>
  st_cast("POINT") |>
  st_as_sf() |>
  mutate(dist = st_distance(x, lag(x), by_element = TRUE))
#> Simple feature collection with 281 features and 1 field
#> Geometry type: POINT
#> Dimension:     XYZ
#> Bounding box:  xmin: 58006120 ymin: -45978910 xmax: 59090720 ymax: -44576580
#> Projected CRS: WGS 84 / NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic North
#> First 10 features:
#>                                 x         dist
#> 1  POINT Z (58406541 -45469359 1)       NA [m]
#> 2  POINT Z (58437199 -45429958 1) 49923.68 [m]
#> 3  POINT Z (58425633 -45444830 1) 18840.63 [m]
#> 4  POINT Z (58394962 -45484226 1) 49927.69 [m]
#> 5  POINT Z (58364268 -45523604 1) 49927.69 [m]
#> 6  POINT Z (58333544 -45562959 1) 49927.66 [m]
#> 7  POINT Z (58302758 -45602266 1) 49927.69 [m]
#> 8  POINT Z (58271973 -45641573 1) 49927.69 [m]
#> 9  POINT Z (58241188 -45680880 1) 49927.69 [m]
#> 10 POINT Z (58210402 -45720187 1) 49927.69 [m]
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Citation

BibTeX citation:
@online{massicotte2023,
  author = {Massicotte, Philippe},
  title = {Segmenting Linestring into Points of Equal Distance},
  date = {2023-09-26},
  url = {https://www.pmassicotte.com/posts/2023-09-26-segmenting-linestring/},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Massicotte, Philippe. 2023. “Segmenting Linestring into Points of Equal Distance.” September 26, 2023. https://www.pmassicotte.com/posts/2023-09-26-segmenting-linestring/.